Malignant melanoma - Melanom Malfezan
☆ Nan rezilta Stiftung Warentest 2022 ki soti nan Almay, satisfaksyon konsomatè yo ak ModelDerm te sèlman yon ti kras pi ba pase ak konsiltasyon telemedsin peye.
Yon melanom apeprè 2.5cm (1 pous) pa 1.5cm (0.6 pous)
References
Yon melanom se yon kalite timè ki fòme lè melanosit vin malfezan. Melanosit soti nan krèt neral la. Sa vle di ke melanom ka devlope pa sèlman sou po a, men tou nan lòt kote kote selil krèt neral vwayaje, tankou aparèy gastwoentestinal la ak sèvo. Pasyan ki gen melanom etap 0 gen yon pousantaj siviv senk ane nan 97%, tandiske moun ki gen maladi etap IV gen yon pousantaj sèlman apeprè 10%.
A melanoma is a tumor produced by the malignant transformation of melanocytes. Melanocytes are derived from the neural crest; consequently, melanomas, although they usually occur on the skin, can arise in other locations where neural crest cells migrate, such as the gastrointestinal tract and brain. The five-year relative survival rate for patients with stage 0 melanoma is 97%, compared with about 10% for those with stage IV disease.
A melanoma is a tumor produced by the malignant transformation of melanocytes. Melanocytes are derived from the neural crest; consequently, melanomas, although they usually occur on the skin, can arise in other locations where neural crest cells migrate, such as the gastrointestinal tract and brain. The five-year relative survival rate for patients with stage 0 melanoma is 97%, compared with about 10% for those with stage IV disease.
Cutaneous melanoma (CM) se yon kalite timè po trè danjere, ki responsab 90% nan lanmò kansè po. Pou abòde sa, ekspè nan the European Dermatology Forum (EDF) , the European Association of Dermato-Oncology (EADO) , and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) te kolabore.
Cutaneous melanoma (CM) is a highly dangerous type of skin tumor, responsible for 90% of skin cancer deaths. To address this, experts from the European Dermatology Forum (EDF), the European Association of Dermato-Oncology (EADO), and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) had collaborated.
Cutaneous melanoma (CM) is a highly dangerous type of skin tumor, responsible for 90% of skin cancer deaths. To address this, experts from the European Dermatology Forum (EDF), the European Association of Dermato-Oncology (EADO), and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) had collaborated.
Melanoma, yon kalite kansè sou po, se pou relasyon sere li ak sistèm iminitè a. Sa a evidan nan ensidan li ogmante nan moun ki gen sistèm iminitè febli, prezans nan selil iminitè nan tou de timè orijinal yo ak gaye yo nan lòt pati nan kò a, ak lefèt ke sistèm iminitè a ka rekonèt sèten pwoteyin yo te jwenn nan selil melanom. Sa ki enpòtan, tretman ki ranfòse sistèm iminitè a te montre pwomès nan batay melanom. Pandan ke itilizasyon terapi iminitè-ranfòse nan trete melanom avanse se yon devlopman relativman resan, rechèch ki sot pase yo endike ke konbine terapi sa yo ak chimyoterapi, radyoterapi, oswa tretman molekilè vize ka siyifikativman amelyore rezilta yo. Sepandan, imunoterapi sa yo ka deklanche yon seri efè segondè ki gen rapò ak iminitè ki afekte divès ògàn, ki ka limite itilizasyon li yo. Gade pi devan, apwòch fiti pou trete melanom avanse ka enplike terapi ki vize pòs iminitè espesifik tankou PD1, oswa dwòg ki entèfere ak chemen molekilè espesifik tankou BRAF ak MEK.
Melanoma is one of the most immunologic malignancies based on its higher prevalence in immune-compromised patients, the evidence of brisk lymphocytic infiltrates in both primary tumors and metastases, the documented recognition of melanoma antigens by tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes and, most important, evidence that melanoma responds to immunotherapy. The use of immunotherapy in the treatment of metastatic melanoma is a relatively late discovery for this malignancy. Recent studies have shown a significantly higher success rate with combination of immunotherapy and chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or targeted molecular therapy. Immunotherapy is associated to a panel of dysimmune toxicities called immune-related adverse events that can affect one or more organs and may limit its use. Future directions in the treatment of metastatic melanoma include immunotherapy with anti-PD1 antibodies or targeted therapy with BRAF and MEK inhibitors.
Melanoma is one of the most immunologic malignancies based on its higher prevalence in immune-compromised patients, the evidence of brisk lymphocytic infiltrates in both primary tumors and metastases, the documented recognition of melanoma antigens by tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes and, most important, evidence that melanoma responds to immunotherapy. The use of immunotherapy in the treatment of metastatic melanoma is a relatively late discovery for this malignancy. Recent studies have shown a significantly higher success rate with combination of immunotherapy and chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or targeted molecular therapy. Immunotherapy is associated to a panel of dysimmune toxicities called immune-related adverse events that can affect one or more organs and may limit its use. Future directions in the treatment of metastatic melanoma include immunotherapy with anti-PD1 antibodies or targeted therapy with BRAF and MEK inhibitors.
Kòz prensipal melanom se ekspoze limyè iltravyolèt nan moun ki gen nivo ki ba nan melanin pigman po a (populasyon blan). Limyè UV a ka soti nan solèy la oswa aparèy bwonzaj. Moun ki gen anpil nevus, yon istwa melanom nan manm fanmi yo, ak fonksyon iminitè pòv yo nan pi gwo risk nan melanom.
Sèvi ak krèm pwotèj kont solèy ak evite limyè UV ka anpeche melanom. Tretman se tipikman retire pa operasyon. Nan moun ki gen kansè yon ti kras pi gwo, nœuds lenfatik ki tou pre yo ka fè tès pou pwopagasyon (metastaz). Pifò moun yo geri si metastaz pa te fèt. Pou moun ki gen melanom gaye, imunoterapi, terapi byolojik, radyasyon, oswa chimyoterapi ka amelyore siviv. Avèk tretman, pousantaj siviv senk ane nan Etazini yo se 99% pami moun ki gen maladi lokalize, 65% lè maladi a gaye nan gangliyon lenfatik, ak 25% nan mitan moun ki gen pwopaje byen lwen.
Melanom se kalite kansè po ki pi danjere. Ostrali ak New Zeland gen pi gwo pousantaj melanom nan mond lan. To segondè nan melanom rive tou nan Nò Ewòp ak Amerik di Nò. Melanom rive anpil mwens nan pwovens Lazi, Afrik, ak Amerik Latin nan. Ozetazini, melanom rive apeprè 1.6 fwa pi souvan nan gason pase fanm.
○ Siy ak sentòm
Premye siy melanom yo se chanjman nan fòm oswa koulè nevus ki egziste deja. Nan ka melanom nodilè, li se aparans nan yon nouvo boul sou po an. Nan etap pita nan melanom, nevi yo ka grate, ilsere, oswa senyen.
[A-Asymmetry] Asimetri nan fòm
[B-Borders] Fwontyè (iregilye ak kwen ak kwen)
[C-Color] Koulè (diverse ak iregilye)
[D-Diameter] Dyamèt (pi gran pase 6 mm = 0.24 pous = apeprè gwosè yon gonm kreyon)
[E-Evolving] Evolye sou tan
cf) Keratoz seboreik ka satisfè kèk oswa tout kritè ABCD yo, epi li ka mennen nan fo alam.
Metastaz nan melanom bonè posib, men relativman ra; mwens pase yon senkyèm nan melanom yo dyagnostike byen bonè vin metastatik. Metastaz nan sèvo yo komen nan pasyan ki gen melanom metastaz. Melanom metastatik ka pwopaje tou nan fwa a, zo, vant, oswa nœuds lenfatik byen lwen.
○ Dyagnostik
Gade nan zòn nan kesyon an se metòd ki pi komen pou sispèk yon melanom. Nevus ki iregilye nan koulè oswa fòm yo anjeneral trete kòm kandida melanom.
Doktè anjeneral egzamine tout mòl, ki gen ladan sa ki gen mwens pase 6 mm an dyamèt. Lè yo itilize pa espesyalis ki resevwa fòmasyon, dèrmoskopi pi itil pou idantifye blesi malfezan pase itilizasyon je toutouni pou kont li. Dyagnostik se pa byopsi nenpòt blesi po ki gen siy ke yo te potansyèlman kansè.
○ Tretman
#Mohs surgery
Doktè ou ka rekòmande imunoterapi sitou si w gen melanom etap 3 oswa etap 4 ki pa ka retire ak operasyon.
#Ipilimumab [Yervoy]
#Pembrolizumab [Keytruda]
#Nivolumab [Opdivo]